Oxidation of transition ions

Oxidation of Transition Ions Hydrolysis and Surface Binding Enhance Oxidation... 

Surface Binding Enhances Oxidation of Transition Ions... 

The kinetic parameters characterizing the oxidation of transition metal ions by dioxygen are collected in Table 10.8. 

Rate Constants of Oxidation of Transition Metal Ions by Dioxygen... 

A recent study (1) has demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation of hydroxide ion yields hydroxyl radical ( OH) and its anion (O"-). These species in turn are stabilized at glassy carbon electrodes by transition-metal ions via the formation of metal-oxygen covalent bonds (unpaired d electron with unpaired p electron of -OH and O- ). The coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and Au), which are used as oxygen activation catalysts for several industrial processes (e.g., Ag/02 for production of ethylene oxide) (2-10), have an unpaired electron (d10s1 or d9s2 valence-... 

The most important phosphors are sulphides and oxides of transition metals. The sulphides of zinc and of cadmium are the most important materials of the sulphide type. An important condition of achieving a highly efficient phosphor is to prepare a salt of the highest possible chemical purity. The emission of zinc sulphide can be shifted to longer wavelengths by increasingly replacing the zinc ions with cadmium. 

Stability constants (ethylendiamine, glycinate, oxalate), surface complex formation constants and solubility products (sulfides) of transition ions. The surface complex formation constant is for the binding of metal ions to hydrous ferric oxide =Fe-OH + Me2+ =FeOMe++ H+ K. ... 

Transition into the Kolbe region at platinum is associated with the formation of an oxide layer. Acetate ions are believed to be more strongly adsorbed on this layer than is water. Conversion of water to oxygen is then suppressed in favour of the oxidation of acetate ions [59, 60. Electron transfer from acetate is synchronous with cleavage of the alkyl-carboxylate bond leaving adsorbed carbon dioxide and... 

Again, in the oxidation of transition-metal ions, adducts have been established as intermediates [e.g., reaction (35) O Neill and Schulte-Frohlinde 1975 Asmus et al. 1978 for the equilibrium of Tl2+ and OH, see Schwarz and Dodson 1984],... 

The autoxidation of aqueous solutions of sulfur dioxide (sulfite, bisulfite) is a classic problem in chemistry. Basic features of this reaction have been known since early in this century, when it was established that the reaction is trace metal ion catalyzed (1 ) and most likely involves free radicals (2). Certain chemical effects associated with sulfite autoxidation were noted also. Before the turn of the century, it was noted that sulfite would induce the oxidation of transition metal ions (3) and it was reported later that the oxidation of organic compounds was brought about during sulfite autoxidation ( 0. Conversly, organic compounds were also shown to serve as inhibitors of sulfite autoxidation (5). 

Oxidation of transition metal ions in sedimentary processes Under the relatively oxidizing environments existing near the Earth s surface provided by aerated aqueous solutions in contact with the atmosphere, several... 

Metal oxide catalysts can be classified as oxides of transition elements or as oxides of other typical metals. Typical transition elements include Cr, Fe, Co, Mo, and V, whose oxides catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions by changing the oxidation state of the metal ion. For selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, mixed oxides containing Mo and V are widely used. Oxides of other metals (acidic oxides such as silica and silica-alumina, basic oxides such as CaO and MgO, and amphoteric oxides such as alumina) catalyze acid or base reactions such as alkylation, isomerization, and hydration-dehydration. 

Coordination Polyhedka in Oxides of Transition-Metal Ions with Inert Gas Configurations... 

Finally we note that once the various types of characteristic distortions have been recognized, predictions of new properties can be made. For example, oxides of s2 ions should form mixed crystals with oxides of transition metals in sufficiently high valencies, since, for different reasons, they are both susceptible to antisymmetric distortion. This seems to be the case. 

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