Oxidation, biotransformation reaction class

Oxidations are the most common biotransformation reactions that occur with most drugs. There are several classes of enzymes that carry out these reactions cytochrome P450s, flavin monooxygenases, monoamine oxidases, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, and peroxidases. Typical reactions and substrate substructures for each of these classes of enzymes will be described. 

During the biotransformations affecting xenobiotics, five major kinds of chemical reactions may occur oxidations (by far the most important), reductions, hydrolysis, substitutions, and eliminations. As Phase I and II reactions are part of this classification, each class of reactions can give rise to toxic metabolites. 

The biotransformation of xenobiotics is catalysed by a number of enzymes that be divided into classes of reactions. These are hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation, conjugation. These reactions are part of the current curriculum and therefore provide an opportunity for connecting chemistry and toxicology. 

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