Owens-Wendt technique

Values were obtained by using the Owens-Wendt technique with water and methylene iodide as test liquids. 

Fig. 11 Overall and polar surface energies measured by the Owens-Wendt technique (with Washburn absorption) for various types of Toray TGP-H paper GDLs. Values in white boxes represent the total aerial loading of PTFE for each sample. AA plain, BA 5 wt% substrate/0 wt% MPL, BC 10 5wt% substrate/10wt% MPL, BC 5wt% substrate/23wt% MPL, DA 20wt% substrate/0 wt% MPL, DC 10 20wt% substrate/10wt% MPL, DC 20wt% substrate/23 wt% MPL...

Gurau et al. [194] proposed a method to estimate the internal contact angle to water by combining the Washburn technique with the Owens-Wendt... 

These properties are listed in order of usefulness for comparative review purposes. Liquid surface tension is the most fundamental property, because it pertains only to the material in question (provided the material is adequately pure) and the technique used for measurement. All the other properties listed are dependent also on solvents, contact-angle test liquids, and liquid or solid substrates selected. For solids, approaches such as the Owens-Wendt analysis (7) have supplanted the Zisman method (18) in recent years, but data from the Zisman method for organosilicon polymers are more available compared with data from the Owens-Wendt approach. Some useful data on aqueous surface tensions and Langmuir troughs are also available. Data for other listed properties are of less fundamental use and rather scanty. 

Solid Surface Tensions. Zisman plots are very useful, but, in a number of cases, other techniques seem to explain wettabUity differences between surfaces better (4,5,26,29,30). Solid surface tension (SST) models that take into account the polarity of surfaces have turned out to be effective. A model that 1 like is the Owens-Wendt-Kaelble (O-W-K) relationship (31,32), which uses two components (dispersion and polar) such that SST,... 

Although Fowkes has reservations, the geometric-mean approach proposed by Owens and Wendt [42], Schultz et al. [43], and Kaelble [44] is frequently employed to estimate surface tension of a solid. The technique is based on the use of testing liquids of known total surface tensions and their dispersive (d) and nondispersive, e.g., polar (p), components. 

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