Outdoor measurements

However, even against this background of uncertainty and apparent imprecision, in some cases it is possible to measure airborne asbestos with acceptable precision through replication for a reasonable price. Since there is no exposure standard, "clean" must be defined by comparing indoor and outdoor levels. A statistical comparison of indoor versus outdoor measurements that is significantly different from zero indicates that the indoor space is not clean. Tests may be designed chat either compare the average of... 

Curve (b) of Fig. 3.25 is obtained by the integral of Curve (a). As can be seen from Curve (b) of Fig. 3.25, Ip= 847 uA/cml Outdoor measurements yielded values agreeing well with this calculated photocurrent value (State college, Pennsylvania latitude 40.79°N, longitude 77.86°W, on April 3, 2007 at 3 00 PM, clear sky, incident irradiance 950 W/m ). 

Cohen MA, Ryan PB, Yanagisawa Y, et al. 1989. Indoor/outdoor measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia. JAPCA 39 1086-1093. 

Figure 3. Benzo[ai]pyrene dose for all participants in THEES CXT estimates from indoor and outdoor measurements (solid bars) and personal air measurements (cross-hatched bars) are shown. (Reproduced with permission from reference 36. Copyright 1991.)...

VOCs 21 30 355 Outdoor measurements did not correlate well with personal exposures. Personal exposure and in-home concentrations tended to be higher than outdoor concentrations for many volatile organic compounds. 

George, A.C. (1972) Indoor and outdoor measurements of natural radon and radon decay products in New York City air. In The Natural Radiation Environment 11, ed. J.A.S. Adams, W.M. Lowder T.F. Gesell, CONF-720805, pp. 741-50, Springfield, Va. NTIS. 

Outdoor measurements indicate that the DSC exhibits lower sensitivity to light capture as a function of the incident angle of the radiation, although this needs to be further assessed... 

Additional outdoor measurements of Voc made while continuously varying the cell temperature, without recording the entire I/V curve, confirm this behavior (Fig. 5.49). For all samples, the observed linear decrease has a temperature coefficient in the range dVoc/dT ss 1.40-1.65 mV/K. This is comparable with corresponding values observed for familiar inorganic solar... 

Fig. 5.47. Temperature dependence of the principal photovoltaic parameters for a typical polymer-fullerene solar cell derived from outdoor measurements of its I/V curves. Plotted values of efficiency and Isc have been adjusted to the STC irradiance...

Fig. 5.49. Outdoor measurement of V0c vs. temperature made by continuously varying the cell temperature. The inset shows the same data extrapolated to 0 K...

Zhang et al. (1994b) made simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements of aldehydes at six residential houses in suburban New Jersey during the summer of 1992. Formaldehyde was the most abundant aldehyde, with a mean outdoor concentration of 12.53 ppb ( 60% of the total outdoor aldehyde concentration) and a mean indoor concentration of 54.56 ppb ( 87% of the total indoor aldehyde concentration). 

G. Ronto, S. Gaspar, P. Grof, A. Berces, Z. Gugolya (1994). Ultraviolet dosimetry in outdoor measurements based on bacteriophage T7 as a biosensor. Photochem. Photobiol., 59,209-214. 

Most epidemiological studies of PM health effects have relied primarily on outdoor ambient samples to assess population exposure (Pope et al. 2002 Dockery et al. 1993 Katsouyanni et al. 1997). Relying on outdoor measurements at central sites may not be the best approach for assessing a population s exposure to air pollutants. Studies comparing outdoor ambient measurements and those collected alongside an individual or indoors have observed large differences that are attributable to both lifestyle choices and socioeconomic status. 

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