Other Statements of the Second Law

The work of compression. One mole of a van der VVaals sas is compressed quasi-statically and isothermally from volume V l to V - For a van der VVaals as, the pressure is 

Molecules at low density on a surface, such as surfactants at an interface of air and water, often obey a two-dimensional equivalent of the ideal gas law. The two-dimensional equivalent of p is tt, where rr is a lateral two-dimensional pressure. A is area. Using 

The work of expanding a gas. Compute the total w ork performed w hen expanding an ideal gas, at constant temperature, from volume V to 2V.  

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A simple statement of the Second Law is natural processes are accompanied by an increase in the entropy of the universe. There are several other statements of the Second Law in the chapter Notes. As noted above, entropy is a measure of disorder the greater the extent of disorder, the greater the entropy. The Second Law tells us that things change spontaneously in a way that increases disorder. At equilibrium, entropy is maximized and disorder reigns. 

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