Osteomalacia iatrogenic

Osteoporosis, decrease in bone mass, and osteomalacia, decrease in bone mineralization, may occur in aging humans, sometimes concurrently within the same individual. Various nutritional, hormonal, iatrogenic, physical and circulatory factors have been implicated as influencing bone health (1). ... 

Environmental and iatrogenic exposure can result in aluminum overload in dialysis patients and evident osteomalacia, anemia and dementia [46]. Furthermore, acute intoxication with aluminum can lead to encephalopathy and death [47]. Hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, or hemofiltration combined with desferoxamine (DFO) can effectively remove aluminum [48]. Hemodialysis with a high flux dialyzer and hemofiltration are likely superior to charcoal hemoperfusion [48, 49]. In aluminum intoxicated dialysis patients, improvements in osteomalacia [50], anemia [51], and dementia [52] have been demonstrated with chelation. 

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