Oscillations, damped traveling

An important aspect of any structure is its ability to store energy when work has been done on it by imposing a strain. One result of this storage ability is that an impulse can be transmitted over significant distances, i.e. a wave can travel through the material over distances comparable to the wavelength or greater. Loss processes will inevitably occur and at low Deborah numbers the viscous processes rapidly damp out the oscillation... 

The net effect of inserting the complex refractive index, derived from the damped oscillation of the electrons, is that the plane wave traveling through a material with refractive index n — ik undergoes attenuation as shown in Figure 9.10. Hence the material is... 

In particular, the APT profilometer device usually includes two single-wheel trailers towed at constant speed by a vehicle and employs a data acquisition system. A ballasted chassis supports an oscillating beam, holding a feeler wheel that is kept in permanent contact with the pavement by a suspension and damping system. Vertical movements of the wheel(s) resulting in angular travel of the beam are measured with respect to the horizontal arm of an inertial pendulum, independent of the movements of the towing vehicle. 

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