Origin of oceans

Weaver BL (1991) The origin of ocean island basalt end-member compositions trace element and isotopic constraints. Earth Planet Sci Lett 104 381-397... 

Fitton J. G. and Dunlop H. M. (1985) The Cameroon Line, West Africa, and is bearing on the origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalt. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 72, 23-38. 

Pedersen R. B. and Malpas J. (1984) The origin of oceanic plagiogranites from the Karmoy ophiolite, western Norway. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 88, 36—52. 

Kogiso T., Tatsumi Y., and Nakano S. (1997) Trace element transport during dehydration processes in the subducted oceanic crust 1. Experiments and implications for the origin of ocean island basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 148, 193-205. 

Kamber, B. S. Collerson, K. D. 1999. Origin of ocean island basalts a new model based on lead and helium isotope systematics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 25479-25491. 

Pinet, Paul R. Invitation to Oceanography. Sudbury, Mass. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2000. Includes explanations of the causes and effects of tides and currents, as well as the origins of ocean habitats. 

Forty years ago, our understanding of how the Earth works was revolutionized by the theory of Plate Tectonics. This theory, however, only described the workings of the solid Earth, with a particular emphasis on the origin of ocean basins and active mountain belts. In contrast, Earth System Science is about much... 

Niu, Y. and O Hara, M.J., 2003. Origin of ocean island basalts a new perspective from petrology, geochemistry and mineral physics considerations. /. Geophys. Res. B, 108. doi 10.1029/ 2002/JB002048. 

Allegre CJ, Turcotte DL (1985) Geodynamic mixing in the mesosphere boimdary layer and the origin of oceanic islands. Geophys Res Lett 12 207-210... 

Weaver BL (1991) Trace element evidence for the origin of ocean-island basalts. Geology 19 123-126 Wetherill GW (1954) Variations in the isotopic abundances of neon and argon extracted from radioactive minerals. Phys Rev 96 679-683... 

The origin of oceanic basalts The recognition of a variety of possible mantle reservoirs for the source of oceanic basalts has led to an appreciation of the complexity of mantle processes, paiticularly beneath ocean islands. For example, a study of the island Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands by Hoemle et al. (1991) showed that at least four different mantle components (HIMU, DM, EMI and EMII) have contributed to the production of these volcanic rocks since the Miocene. Furthermore, the isotopic evidence indicates that the different reservoirs have made their conpibutions to the lava pile at different times in the history of the volcano. 

Herndon, J. M. (2003). Nuclear georeactor origin of oceanic basalt He/ He, evidence, and implications. Proceedings, National Academy of Science, USA, 100(6), 3047—3050. 

---