Orientation Functions for Mechanical Deformation

IR dichroism was used to study the orientational development in the high-speed spinning of Nylon 66 yarns. A relationship between IR dichroism and orientation factor was developed and a correlation between orientation measured by IR and X-ray diffraction demonstrated (372). 

The orientation functions and dichroic difference data for a commercial polyester-urethane from B. F. Goodrich showed that, in static stretching, the soft domains reached orientation saturation before the hard domains. On the timescale of the static experiment, plasticisation diminished the ability of both domains to reorient, while the plasticiser itself did not orient (55). 

ATR-IR spectroscopy at various angles of incidence was used to study ultradrawn films of PE. A gradient of molecular and crystalline structures was found from the surface into the core. The skin was highly orthorhombic. Moving inside the film, both monoclinic and orthorhombic lattices coexisted. Anew phase with isolated trans-planar sequences was observed in the core. Various kinds of collective and oriented or isolated conformational disorder were identified. A molecular model was proposed for the process of orientation during drawing (346). 

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