Organotin structural characteristics

Because it is not imconunon that the coordination characteristics of the tin atom and hence the structure of an organotin compound differ in solution and solid states, the potential duality in solid and solution state organotin structures requires therefore parallel structural investigations. 

Peroxo-/i-oxo-bis bisOrimcLhy]si]y])methyl tin (316) is an organotin analog of the FOZ of a symmetrically tetraalkylated olefin (278). It is obtained in low yield by oxidation of the corresponding silylated dialkyltin in the presence of a molybdenum catalyst. The structure was elucidated by XRD analysis and has some characteristic features (a) The 0—0 distance is unusually long (154.3 pm) as compared to that of similar transition metal... 

The present chapter deals with the application of advanced, proton detected, heteronuclear H- Sn correlation NMR techniques [16-20] to the structure elucidation of organotin compounds, especially of the coordination sphere of their tin atoms and their hypervalency characteristics. 

The remark has been made that compounds of tin can be studied by more techniques than those of any other element. The fact that it has more stable isotopes that any other element gives it very characteristic mass spectra, and isotopic labelling can be used to interpret vibrational spectra, and for spiking samples in trace analysis two of the isotopes have spin 1/2 and are suitable for NMR spectroscopy, and their presence adds information to the ESR spectra of radical species. Further, the radioactive isotope 119mSn is appropriate for Mossbauer spectroscopy. The structural complications that are referred to in the previous chapter have therefore been investigated very thoroughly by spectroscopic and diffraction methods, and structural studies have always been prominent in organotin chemistry. 

Compounds of tin are studied by more teehniques than those of any other element. Beside the other conventional methods, some of the more specialized techniques are also well-suited to solve structural problems in organotin chemistry. The fact that tin has more stable isotopes than any other element gives it very characteristic mass spectra and these isotopes give rise to... 

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