Organometallic complexes, as catalysts

Keim, W. (1994) Organometallic complexes as catalyst precursors Value and usefulness. New J. Chem., 18, 93. Peuckert, M. and Keim, W. (1983) A new nickel complex for the oligomerization of ethylene. OrganometaUics, 2, 594. 

Keim, W. (1989) Organometallic complexes as catalyst precursors advantages and disadvantages. J. Mol. Catal., 52, 19. 

Polymer-bound Organometallic Complexes as Catalysts for Use in Organic Synthesis... 

Rigby J, Kondratenkov M (2004) Arene Complexes as Catalysts. 7 181-204 Risse T, Freund H-J (2005) Spectroscopic Characterization of Organometallic Centers on Insulator Single Crystal Surfaces From Metal Carbonyls to Ziegler-Natta Catalysts. 16 117-149... 

Ade, A., Cerrada, F., Contel, M., Laguna, M., Merino, P. and Tejero, T. (2004) Organometallic gold(III) and gold(I) complexes as catalysts for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to nitrones synthesis of novel gold-nitrone derivatives. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 689(10), 1788-1795. 

Two types of intermediates, i.e., radicals or carbanions or their organometallic equivalents, can be used to perform addition reactions to Michael acceptors. The free-radical route has already been investigated with nickel or cobalt complexes as catalysts [62-64]. These studies have been reinvestigated recently with the aim of improving the turn-over of the catalyst and/or using easily prepared cheap complexes. 

An important focus of organometallic research has been the development and study of transition metal complexes as catalysts for transformations of organic compounds. These systems enable chemical reactions to occur under conditions that are often milder and more environmentally benign than more traditional routes, such as Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions, Grignard... 

In much the same way it is possible to introduce the aryl group (Ar) either as the Ar or Ar synthon. As we have already mentioned, hydrocarbons ArH, or organometallic reagents like ArMgBr and ArLi, can serve as the equivalents of Ar in reactions with appropriate electrophiles. For the less obvious electrophilic Ar" synthon, the aryl halides can serve as suitable equivalents under appropriate conditions. Since aryl halides are usually not prone to react with regular nucleophiles, it is necessary to use cuprate reagents, R2CuLi, as nucleophiles or transition metal complexes as catalysts. 

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