Organic solutes adsorption, from aqueous controlling factors

Ammons, Dougharty, and Smith have studied the adsorption of methyl-mercuric chloride from aqueous solution by activated carbon by both batch and flow techniques. The data were analysed to investigate the factors that control the breakthrough curves. Axial dispersion was found to contribute no more than 15% to the second moment of the breakthrough curve, while liquid-to-particle mass transfer contributed about 60%. On a similar topic Benediktov, Vlasov, and Yurkevich in a paper of which only the title is abstracted, discuss the determination of the degree of exhaustion of active carbon with respect to organic substances during adsorption from aqueous solutions. 

The choice of chemical is usually based on trial-and-error procedures hence, demulsifier technology is more of an art than a science. In most cases a combination of chemicals is used in the demulsifier formulation to achieve both efficient flocculation and coalescence. The type of demulsifiers and their effect on interfacial area are among the important factors that influence the coalescence process. Time-dependent interfacial tensions have been shown to be sensitive to these factors, and the relation between time-dependent interfacial tensions and the adsorption of surfactants at the oil-aqueous interface was considered by a number of researchers (27, 31-36). From studies of the time-dependent tensions at the interface between organic solvents and aqueous solutions of different surfactants, Joos and coworkers (33—36) concluded that the adsorption process of the surfactants at the liquid-liquid interface was not only diffusion controlled but that adsorption barriers and surfactant molecule reorientation were important mecha-... 

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