Organic light-emitting diode fluorescence quantum

One of the most common uses for peri-substituted pentacene is as a red emitter in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Diphenylpentacene, for example, has a fluorescence quantum yield of 30% as a 0.55% dopant in Alq3, yielding OLED devices with efficiencies near the theoretical maximum [34]. Variation of the aryl substituents improves solubility and processing and can increase fluorescence quantum yield (for example, pentacene 25 has a composite fluorescence quantum yield of 32%) [35]. There is one report of the use of diaryl pentacenes in FET devices, but the performance was generally poor (hole mobility for vapor-deposited 23 was of the order of 10-8 cm2 V-1 s-1) [30]. 

The operation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) involves charge injection from electrodes, transport of charge carriers, recombination of holes and electrons to generate electronically excited states or excitons, followed by their deactivation by emission of either fluorescence or phosphorescence. The main factors that determine luminous and external quantum efficiencies are the following ... 

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