Organic Electrophile and Organometallic Coupling

Ni(ii) and Pd(ii)/Pd(o) phosphine complexes were developed and modified as a result of the above considerations. The designed syntheses of dppf in the early 

ArMgBr Allyl ether Catalyst Reaction Total Product ratio 

Catalytic coupling reactions of alkyl- [121,122] and 1-alkenyl- [123 —125] boronates usually proceed with a base. Cross-coupling between R3B or B-alkyl-9-BBN (BBN = borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) with aryl or 1-alkenyl halides, for example. 

Triflate Alkene Reaction time, h Product GC yield, %  

Boronic ester Aryl halide Product Yield, % 

The use of organozinc substrates in coupling reactions is often supported by PdCl2(dppf). On the other hand, the use of the PPhj derivative does not always give the desired products [115]. This is best illustrated in the coupling between 

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