Organic compound , elements polar covalent bonds

Organic compounds with covalent bonds to electronegative elements may dissociate to form carbocations, especially if the cation is stabilized by the inductive effect, as in the f-butyl cation, or by resonance, as in the cumyl (2-phenylprop-2-yl) cation. This can happen slowly in polar solvents such as water. The SN1 reaction of t-butyl halides is an example (reaction 5.6). The slow and rate-determining heterolysis of the halide is followed by a rapid reaction of the f-butyl cation with water to give the alcohol product. -Cl HiO... 

Diagonal relationships are similarities between a Period 2 element and one diagonally down and to the right in Period 3. Three such relationships are of interest to us here (Figure 14.2). The first occurs between Li and Mg. Both form nitrides with N2, hydroxides and carbonates that decompose easily with heat, organic compounds with a polar covalent metal-carbon bond, and salts with similar... 

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