Order of feedback

Table 10.1 Hierarchy of feedback systems arranged by order of feedback...

Exercise Identify type of preventive strategy according to Haddon and order of feedback according to Van Court Hare in the examples from accident reports from a yard in the table below. Discuss the efficiency of the measures (expected effect locally/at company level). 

Deviations or errors, i.e. mismatches between our plans or intentions and the actual outcome, produce opportunities for learning. We distinguish between four different orders of feedback and the associated results of learning from experience. In practice, we notice that many opportunities for learning are lost. This is when the organisation is only able to accomplish first-order feedback, i.e. no long-term effects are produced as a result of the experience. 

This type of indicator focuses on one aspect of SHE management, i.e. the extent to which the organisation uses the experiences from unwanted events to prevent recurrence. In Section 10.6, we introduced Van Court Hare s hierarchy of the order of feedback. This has been applied in the development of a measure, based on an analysis of actions taken after accidents. 

The Landolt reaction (iodate + reductant) is prototypical of an autocatalytic clock reaction. During the induction period, the absence of the feedback species (Irere iodide ion, assumed to have virtually zero initial concentration and fomred from the reactant iodate only via very slow initiation steps) causes the reaction mixture to become kinetically frozen . There is reaction, but the intemiediate species evolve on concentration scales many orders of magnitude less than those of the reactant. The induction period depends on the initial concentrations of the major reactants in a maimer predicted by integrating the overall rate cubic autocatalytic rate law, given in section A3.14.1.1. 

With this technology it is now possible to achieve extremely accurate speed control of the order of 0.01 % to 0.001 %. To achieve such high accuracy in speed control, closed-loop feedback control systems and microprocessor-based control logistics can be introduced into the inverter control scheme to sense, monitor and control the variable parameters of the motor to very precise limits. 

Figure 10-15 shows the output vs. input energy relation with a clear threshold at a pump pulse energy of approximately 1.5 nJ. This value is an order of magnitude lower than the threshold for the observation of ASE in simple planar waveguides, i.e. without distributed feedback but prepared with the same conjugated polymer. 

In Ref. 30, the transfer of tetraethylammonium (TEA ) across nonpolarizable DCE-water interface was used as a model experimental system. No attempt to measure kinetics of the rapid TEA+ transfer was made because of the lack of suitable quantitative theory for IT feedback mode. Such theory must take into account both finite quasirever-sible IT kinetics at the ITIES and a small RG value for the pipette tip. The mass transfer rate for IT experiments by SECM is similar to that for heterogeneous ET measurements, and the standard rate constants of the order of 1 cm/s should be accessible. This technique should be most useful for probing IT rates in biological systems and polymer films. 

New routes of administration transmucosal specific regional uptake in gastrointestinal tract New pattern of drug release bolus/flrst order/pulsatile feedback control disease-related release of drug... 

Ken Schaffner. I m not sure what the next stages are going to be to get to that point. You can see a sort of feedback - I m not sure I should use that word - but an interpolation of the known pathways and such into this in order to make sense of even as much as they ve got, which are just mNRA expressions lining up. 

Find the value of feedback controller gain K, that gives a closedloop system with a damping coeflicient of 0.707 for a second-order openloop unstable process with... 

The design of feedback controllers in the frequency domain is the subject of this chapter. The Chinese language that we learned in Chap. 12 is now put to use to tune controllers. Frequency-domain methods are widely used because they have the significant advantage of being easier to use for high-order systems than the time- and Laplace-domain methods. 

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