Optical energy conversion

In practical terms this means that ket is large enough to yield a good value of e at solar irradiation intensities and at generally accessible concentrations of B. However, the extent to which the oxidation of B can be driven uphill, Ey, is generally modest (0.A - 0.5 V at open-circuit) compared to Eg = 1.1 eV for Si. Small values of Ey give low overall optical energy conversion efficiency. 

M. G. Bradley and T. Tysak, p-type silicon based photoelectrochemical cells for optical energy conversion Electrochemistry of tetra-azomacrocyclic metal complexes at illuminated p-type silicon semiconducting electrodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 135, 153, 1982. 

Noting that (1.4) represents energy up-conversion from the free photon to the DP-CP, this section reviews novel methods of optical/optical energy conversion and optical/electrical energy conversion. 

Wrighton MS (1979) Photoelectrochemical conversion of optical energy to electricity and fuels. Acc Chem Res 12 303-310... 

Heller A, Chang KC, Miller B (1977) Spectral response and efficiency relations in semiconductor liquid junction solar cells. J Electrochem Soc 124 697-700 Elhs AB, Kaiser SW, Wrighton MS (1976) Optical to electrical energy conversion. Characterization of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide based photoelectrochemical cells. J Am Chem Soc 98 6855-6866... 

As this volume attests, a wide range of chemistry occurs at interfacial boundaries. Examples range from biological and medicinal interfacial problems, such as the chemistry of anesthesia, to solar energy conversion and electrode processes in batteries, to industrial-scale separations of metal ores across interfaces, to investigations into self-assembled monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films for nanoelectronics and nonlinear optical materials. These problems are based not only on structure and composition of the interface but also on kinetic processes that occur at interfaces. As such, there is considerable motivation to explore chemical dynamics at interfaces. 

To calculate the optical to chemical energy conversion efficiency, Halmann95 used the following equation ... 

In addition to heat emission, radiative decay processes may also occur, in which light is emitted due to a transition from the lowest excited singlet or triplet state to the ground state (fluorescence or phosphorescence). In order to effect rapid and efficient conversion of optical energy (the laser) to heat, dyes which exhibit low fluorescence and in which excitation primarily involves the singlet states are the most suitable for heat-mode recording.196... 

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