Operophtera brumata

J., Vostrowsky, O. and Knauf, W. (1982). Pheromone-XLII. 1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraen, das Sexualpheromon des Frostspanners Operophtera brumata (Geometridae). Tetrahedron Lett., 23,4007 4010. 

Knauf, W., Bestmann, H. J., and Vostrowsky, O. (1984). Responses of male winter moths (Operophtera brumata) to their sex attractant (3Z,6Z,9Z)-l,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene and to some structural analogues. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 35, 208-210. 

Feeny and Bostock (37) have found a relationship between timing of an insect life cycle and plant palatability. Larvae of the winter moth Operophtera brumata feed in spring on young leaves of the deciduous oak Quercus robur. The larvae are apparently intolerant of high tannin content in leaves, and the authors found that tannin content was minimal... 

Fig. 5.47. Life cycle of the winter moth Operophtera brumata).

A new synthesis of three sex pheromones, (171), (172) and (173), of the Winter moth Operophtera brumata involves the use of the ylide (174) which acts as a homologating agent and allows further Wittig reactions of the products after acetal deprotection.Standard methods of phosphonate-based olefination have been applied to the synthesis of new retinals, e.g. (175) and (176), with modified methyl substitution patterns. ... 

RUUHOLA, T., TIKKANEN, O.P., TAHVANAINEN, J., Differences in host use efficiency of larvae of a generalist moth, Operophtera brumata on three chemically divergent Sa/ijc species, J. Chem. co/., 2001,27, 1595-1615. 

There is a relation between PCB uptake and the position of the species in the food chain. In a 3-step central-European oak-forest food chain involving the great tit (Pams major), caterpillars (Tortrix viridana, Operophtera brumata, Erannis defoliara), and leaves of the red oak (Quercus sp.), mean concentrations of PCB 153 - the most abundant measured congener -rose from about 1.0 jLg/kg DW in leaves to 10.0 xg/kg in caterpillars to 170.0 (xg/kg... 

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