Operator homogeneous

Tools for the preparation of a crude cell extract. A Hand-operated homogenizers, courtesy of Ace Glass, Inc., Vineland, NJ. 

Tools for the preparation of a crude cell extract. A Hand-operated homogenizers, courtesy of Ace Glass, Inc., Vineland, NJ B Homogenizer with electric motor, courtesy of VWR Scientific, Division of Univar. C Sonicator, courtesy of Curtin Matheson Scientific, Inc... 

Vokurka RJ, Flores BE (2002) Plant charter classifications and the operating homogeneity of US manufacturing plants. Industrial Management + Data Systems 102 406-416... 

Chemical activity Apparent contact time 3 < T < 30 sec Stability of operation Homogeneous temperature in bed LJDt = 1-2 High activity excess reaction in dilute phase Low activity decrease of reaction yield Dilution with inert particles Multistage fluid bed... 

This stirring operation is exceedingly frequent according to a well known German stirrer manufacturer it was in the period 1976-80, at 65%, the most frequent of all stirring operations, closely followed by the stirring operation homogenization [277]. 

In a very early study Patat (1945) investigated the hydrolysis of aniline to phenol in a water-based acidic solution in near-critical and supercritical water (Tc = 374.2°C, Pc = 220.5 bar). Phosphoric acid and its salts are used as the catalyst for this reaction. The reaction proceeds extremely slowly under normal conditions and reaches equilibrium at low conversion levels. For these reasons, Patat chooses to study the reaction in supercritical water to temperatures of 450°C and to pressures of 700 bar in a flow reactor. He finds that the reaction follows known, regular kinetics in the entire temperature and pressure space studied and the activation energy of the hydrolysis (approximately 40 kcal/mol) is the same in the supercritical as well as in the subcritical water. He suggests that the reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen ions formed from dissolution of phosphoric acid in supercritical steam. Very small amounts of phosphoric acid and the salts of the phosphoric acid are dissolved in the supercritical steam and are split into ions. Patat lists several dissolution constants for primary ammonium phosphates in supercritical steam. In this instance, the reaction performance is improved when the reaction is operated homogeneously in the mixture critical region and, thus, in intimate contact between the reactants and the catalyst. 

When operating homogeneous azeotropic distillation towers, a convenient vehicle for permitting the compositions to cross a distillation boundary is to introduce a membrane separator, adsorber, or other auxiliary separator. Tbese are inserted either before or after the condenser of the distillation column and serve a similar role to the decanter in a heterogeneous azeotropic distillation tower, with the products having their compositions in adjacent distillation regions. 

The continuous reactors are mostly used in large-scale industries and in numerous industrial processes. They may be used to operate homogeneous and heterogeneous processes for several months or even years producing large amount of products. The operating conditions are wide but require a continuous control and consequently more labor. 

Gas operation Homogeneous or porous polymer Hydrostatic pressure concentration gradient Solubility, diffusion Separation from gas mixture... 

Fuel Costs for Batch-Operated Homogeneous UO2SO4-D2O Power Reactors ... 

At first sight, there would appear to be no reason why any fluidized system should not be operated homogeneously at any fluid flow rate... 

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