Operational bound molecule

Classical ergodic theory defines a number of formal ideal model bound systems that display a heirarchy of properties of increasing statistical nature. Specifically, consider a dynamical system defined on a compact phase space (e.g., a bound molecule) with coordinates and momenta q, p. Of interest is the dynamics of a state, defined as a distribution /(p,q,t = 0) at time t = 0 that evolves under the influence of the Liouville operator (see Section III) Lc to... 

In the absence of lactose (Figure 17.9b), the regulator gene produces an mRNA molecule which gives rise to a protein which has an affinity for the operator site. Since the promoter and operator sites overlap, the operator-bound protein prevents the attachment of RNA polymerase. Transcription of the structural genes denoted as lacZ, lac Y and lacA is inhibited, i.e. repressed, therefore the protein product of the regulator gene is termed a... 

An Xc2 excimer laser has been made to operate in this way, but of much greater importance are the noble gas halide lasers. These halides also have repulsive ground states and bound excited states they are examples of exciplexes. An exciplex is a complex consisting, in a diatomic molecule, of two different atoms, which is stable in an excited electronic state but dissociates readily in the ground state. In spite of this clear distinction between an excimer and an exciplex it is now common for all such lasers to be called excimer lasers. 

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