Operating line, optimum

Operating line, humidifying towers 778 Optimum pipe diameter, example 371 — water velocity, heat exchanger 505 Orifice meter 244,246, 248... 

Optimum Operating Line. The relationships between the conversion and the average molecular weight can be plotted as a function of initiator concentration while varying the jacket temperature to optimize the conversion. The relationships are shown in... 

Figure 5. Molecular weight-conversion contour map for various concentrations of a free-radical initiator operating in a tubular-addition polymerization reactor of fixed size. Curves were constructed using varying jacket temperatures (kinetic parameters for the initiator Ea = 32.921 Kcal/mol In k/ = 26.494 In sec f = 0.5 (------------------------) optimum operating line)...

Using this modified operating line, the procedure for finding the reactor size and optimum operations follows directly from the discussion on adiabatic operations. 

For operating line CD of Example 9.6 we find an optimum recycle area, shown in Fig. E9.7 as rectangle EFGH. 

Naturally, there exist a variety of membrane separation processes depending on the particular separation task [1]. The successful introduction of a membrane process into the production line therefore relies on understanding the basic separation principles as well as on the knowledge of the application limits. As is the case with any other unit operation, the optimum configuration needs to be found in view of the overall production process, and combination with other separation techniques (hybrid processes) often proves advantageous for large-scale applications. 

The quantity of propint in 40-mm cartridge cases must be controlled to ensure reliable weapon operation. The optimum time to measure the propint quantity on the cartridge production line is after the propint chamber is sealed. Conventional techniques, such as weighing or absorption radioeranhv. are inadeouate because metal tolerances mask the variations in propint quantity... 

To determine the optimum feed plate location, draw a line from the feed composition on the y = x line, through the intersection of the top/bottom operating lines, to the equilibrium curve. The step straddling the feed line is the correct feed-plate location. 

Once the operating lines are plotted, the equilibrium stages are stepped off between the operating line and equilibrium curve as described in Section 5.1.3. The optimum feed tray location is at the step that crosses from one operating line to the other over their intersection point. If the number of stages is fixed, the operating lines are determined by trial and error to match the specified number of stages. 

Stepping off stages starting from xd, step off stages until you reach a i -line, then shift to new operating line for optimum feed location. For Example 4.5 (Figure 4.20), F would be introduced above F2 in the column. 

The transfer from one operating line to the other, and hence the feed-plate location, can be made at any location between points a and b in Fig. 18.15, but if the feed plate is placed anywhere but at the optimum point, an unnecessarily large number of plates is called for. For example, if the feed plate in Fig. 18.15 is number 7, the smaller steps shown by the dashed lines make the number of ideal plates needed about eight plus a reboiler, instead of seven plus a reboiler when the feed is on plate number 5. Note that the liquid on the feed plate does not have the same composition as the feed except by coincidence, even when the feed plate location is optimum. 

---