Open-width washing machines

In the suction drum washing machine (Fig. 7-51) the scouring liquor is drawn 

Above the cascade zone, there is a nozzle with a wide slot which forms a continu- 

In some cases a longer washing time with spray is required and this can be achieved by using wash tank containing roller bed as shown in Fig. 7-61. The fab- 

The open soaper is the common type of continuous washing machine in open- 

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Hanks are mercerized on a machine of the type illustrated in Fig. 3.15, although there are many other designs. The hanks, which have been scoured previously, are placed over arms which apply tension. They then rotate the yarn, at the same time themselves moving in an arc to immerse the cotton in a caustic soda solution of specific gravity L3, equivalent to 27 per cent concentration. After a few minutes the arms move to another position, where the bulk of the alkali is rinsed out before tension is removed. A further movement accompanied by relaxation of stretch permits removal of the hanks, which are then rinsed in acetic acid and thoroughly washed T with water. A mercerizing machine for open-width cloth is shown in g. 3.16. 

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