Onion-type complexes

Kawase T, Tanaka K, Shiono N, Seirai Y, Oda M (2004) Onion-type complexation based on carbon nanorings and a buckminsterfullerene. Angew Chem Int Ed 116(13) 1754—1756... 

UV/vis titration studies on p-aryleneacetylene family of nanorings showed 1 1 supramolecular complexes with Cgo and C70, and the increased size of the aromatic surface yielded interesting supramolecular nanostructures (such as onion-type complexes). ... 

There have been many hybrid multiscale simulations published recently in other diverse areas. It appears that the first onion-type hybrid multiscale simulation that dynamically coupled a spatially distributed 2D KMC for a surface reaction with a deterministic, continuum ODE CSTR model for the fluid phase was presented in Vlachos et al. (1990). Extension to 2D KMC coupled with ID PDE flow model was described in Vlachos (1997) and for complex reaction networks studied using 2D KMC coupled with a CSTR ODEs model in Raimondeau and Vlachos (2002a, b, 2003). Other examples from catalytic applications include Tammaro et al. (1995), Kissel-Osterrieder et al. (1998), Qin et al. (1998), and Monine et al. (2004). For reviews, see Raimondeau and Vlachos (2002a) on surface-fluid interactions and chemical reactions, and Li et al. (2004) for chemical reactors. 

The nitrogen adsorption isotherms for the onion-like Fe-modified MLV-0.75 materials are of type IV, although their hysteresis loops are of complex types, HI, H2, and H3. The H2-type hysteresis loop indicates the presence of bottle-shaped pores. The pore sizes obtained with the BJH method can be assigned to entry windows of mesopores. For pure MLV-0.75 and Fe-modified MLV-0.75 (x = 1.25), the pore size distributions exhibit two peaks (Fig. Id). The first peak appears at 9.0 and ca. 6 nm for MLV-0.75 and Fe-MLV-0.75, respectively. The shift of the broad peak maximum of the distribution curve... 

Addition of a graft copolymers is much less frequent. Some blends of this type were reported to have unusual onion-like morphology. This observation is not universally valid — the com-patibilizing effect must depend on the structure and composition of the copolymer. Owing to complexity of the these structures the theoretical analysis has not been attempted. 

Other complex low-density carbon forms that are known to form including onions, nanotubes, foams and schwarzites [114, 115]. One interesting possible route to formation of carbon clathrates is the 3D-polymerization of fullerene samples, and one proposed 3D-form of a clathrate material (but not Type I or Type 11 materials described to date) has been observed experimentally [116]. 

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of co-assembly of two oppositely charged ionic-neutral diblock copolymers in water into complex coacervate core micelles, in short C3Ms, with a core comprising the oppositely charged monomers surrounded by a shell of neutral, water-soluble monomers. The two monomer types in the corona may mix left) or segregate radially (mid-left), laterally (mid-right) or both radially and laterally (right) depending on the chemical composition of the block copolymers and hence the miscibility and differential solvent quality of the neutral monomers. This may lead to the formation of onion-like micelles, also known as core-shell-corona structures (mid-left), Janus micelles (mid-right) or patchy micelles, also known as raspberry-like micelles (right). Figure from Ref. [188]...

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