Onion relaxation

The computational advantages of such multigrid methods arise from two key factors. First, microscopic simulations are carried out over microscopic length scales instead of the entire domain. For example, if the size of fine grid is 1% of the coarse grid in each dimension, the computational cost of the hybrid scheme is reduced by 10 2rf, compared with a microscopic simulation over the entire domain, where d is the dimensionality of the problem. Second, since relaxation of the microscopic model is very fast, QSS can be applied at the microscopic grid while the entire system evolves over macroscopic time scales. In other words, one needs to perform a microscopic simulation at each macroscopic node for a much shorter time than the macroscopic time increment, as was the case for the onion-type hybrid models as well. 

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Fig. 9.n Fitted Tip relaxation time constants as read out at the various assigned resonances for 10% hydrated (triangles) and 35% hydrated (circles) onion cell-wall material. The difference directly reflects the increased mobility in the hydrated sample. (Reproduced by permission of Elsevier Science Publishers from [46].)... 

Measurements on different fullerene phases variable temperature studies comparison with other carbon forms Static and MAS measurements, variable temperature studies, relaxation studies, and so on, in materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanohorns, nanofoam, and carbon onion particles Static, SPE/MAS, or CP/MAS measurements on pure or hydrogenated carbon films differentiation between sp and sp carbon species studies on chemical homogeneity of the films... 

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