Oligomers, liquid

While they are called resins, they are really monomers to low-molecular-weight oligomers, liquids to soluble fusible solids, with high reactivity in the epoxy rings, and fair reactivity in the internal hydroxyl groups. They are cured most often by room-temperature reaction with polyamines or polyamide amines. 

Nanda, V. S., and Simha, R., Equation of state and related properties of polymer and oligomer liquids, J. Phys. Chem., 68, 3158-3163 (1964b). 

Sasanuma, Y, Ono, T., Kuroda, Y., Miyazaki, E., Hikino, K., Arou, J., Nakata, K., Inaba, H., Tozaki, K., Hayashi, H., and Yamaguchi, K., Structure-property correlations in model compounds of oligomer liquid crystals, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 13163-13176 (2004). 

MPs are widely applied to supramolecular SCs as electron-donating moieties because of their outstanding convenience of use as building blocks . That is, they can be used in the form of single molecules, dimers, oligomers, liquid crystals, or polymers. The acceptor moieties most commonly used in supramolecular SCs include carbon nanomaterials, such as fuUerenes and carbon nanombes (CNTs). 

G.V. Korolev [190] has estimated relaxation characteristics of various oligomer liquids (oligomers with different functional groups and capable of intermolecular interactions) with regard to lifetimes of forming associates xa. Having compared them with the resolution of t various research methods lets us estimate in the first approximation applicability of specific methods for analysis of specific systems (see also Part 2.5). 

That is why various supramolecular heterogeneities in oligomer liquids such as aggregates, associates or cybotactic groups are not microfhases . The term micro can be used here, but the term phase in inapplicable on the basis of Gibbs approximation. 

The probability of different supramolecular structures in oligomer liquids has been postulated in many papers (e.g., see [69-75]) with the purpose to explain the peculiarities of rheology, sorption, polymerization and other macroscopic properties of oligomers and oligomer mixtures. Depending on the experimental results obtained, supramolecular structures have been considered to possess different patterns which can explain some of these specific effects. Until present, however, the studies have been carried out without any quantitative consideration of the supramolecular structures formation kinetics, without any regard to their possible distribution according to their number, size, life cycles and etc. 

Associative-Cybotactic Schematics of Oligomer Liquid Supramolecular Structure... 

Figure 2.12. Schematic presentation of a cybotaxic structure model of oligomer liquid. >—< - disorgamzed molecule of a telechelate ohgomer cybotaxises are contoured with a dashed line. Cybotaxic liquids can differ on the number of cybotaxises in a unit of volume (a and b), on the size of cybotaxises (a and c).

It has already been noted above that the short range ordering in the oligomer liquids can be formed due to the forces of different nature and different energy saturation. 

Later on, numerous indirect confirmations of the hypothesis about the existence of regions with spatial molecular arrangement in oligomer liquids, were obtained. In addition to the analysis of early works [72, 146, 191], allowing us to formulate and prove the hypothesis about anisotropy of molecules inside the aggregates of liquid oligoester acrylates, we will study only one experimental result, which was not analyzed in the above mentioned papers. Associative cybotactic grouping model was used to explain this result. 

Within the relaxation model of the associate and cybotactic grouping structure of oligomer liquids [116,117,224], the velocity of relaxation to equilibrium is determined by correlation of velocity constants for separate (single) ohgomer molecules addition to and split-off from supramolecular aggregates, while the equilibrium functions of distribution according to the supramolecular structure elements number and size are determined by the parameters and nature of the medium in which relaxation occurs. 

The situation changes if we take into account the possible influence of supramolecular structures formation kinetics on rheological properties within the aggregative model of oligomer liquids structure. We must assume ... 

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