Of aquatic humic substances

Vigneault, B., Percot, A., Lafleur, M. and Campbell, P. G. C. (2000). Permeability changes in model and phytoplankton membranes in the presence of aquatic humic substances, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3907-3913. 

Zhang X, Minear RA (2006) Formation, adsorption and separation of high molecular weight disinfection byproducts resulting from chlorination of aquatic humic substances. Water Res 40(2) 221-230... 

Chin, Y.-P., G. Aiken, and E. O Loughlin, Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances , Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 1853-1858 (1994). 

Tipping, E., The adsorption of aquatic humic substances by iron oxides , Geochim. Cosmochim Acta, 45,191-199 (1981). 

An extraction method for isolating humic substances from water by using XAD-8 has been proposed by Thurman and Malcolm (9) (see box). Humic substances in natural waters represent almost the entire hydrophobic acid fraction. This method has been used to isolate 4.25 g of humic substances from 24,500 L of ground water from the Fox-hills-Laramie aquifer and to obtain 500 g of humic material from 10,400 L of the Suwannee River (Table II). The sample from the Suwannee River was collected as a reference sample of aquatic humic substances by the International Humic Substances Society. In both of the examples cited, a fc cutoff of 100 was used. 

A conceptual DOM pie diagram (Fig. 1) represents the chemical view of the DOM pool of a typical riverine sample. The specific chemical classes or wedges can be separated based upon several different operational fractionation schemes (Thurman and Malcolm, 1981 Aiken, 1985 Aiken et al., 1992 Benner, 1998). For typical natural waters, the dominant fraction comprising DOM is fulvic acid, which is defined as the yellow, moderate molecular weight organic acid fraction of aquatic humic substances that is soluble at all pH values (Aiken et al., 1985). In surface waters receiving... 

Aiken, G. R., D. M. McKnight, R. Harnish, and R. L. Wershaw. 1996. Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell Basin, Antarctica. Biogeochemistry 34 157—188. 

Ertel, J. R., J. I. Hedges, and E. M. Perdue. 1984. Lignin signature of aquatic humic substances. Science 223 485-487. 

McKnight, D. M., E. M. Thurman, R. L. Wershaw, and H. Hemond. 1985. Biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances in Thoreau s Bog, Concord, Massachusetts. Ecology 66 1339-1352. 

Thurman, E. M., and R. I. Malcolm. 1981. Preparative isolation of aquatic humic substances. Environmental Science Technology 15 463-466. 

Peuravuori, J., and K. Pihlaja. 1997. Molecular size distribution and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances. Analytica Chimica Acta 337 133. 

Rice, J. A., and MacCarthy, P. (1989). Characterization of a stream sediment humin. In Influence of Aquatic Humic Substances on Fate and Treatment of Pollutants, Suffet, I. H., and MacCarthy, P, eds., ACS Advances Chemistry, Series, No. 219, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 41-54. 

Abbt-Braun, G., Lankes, U., and Frimmel, F. H. (2004). Structural characterization of aquatic humic substances— I he need for a multiple method approach. Aquat. Sci. 66,151-170. 

Aiken, G. R. (1988). Critical evaluation of the use of macroporous resins for the isolation of aquatic humic substances. In Humic Substances and Their Role in the Environment, Frimmel, F. H., and Christman, R. F., eds., John Wiley Sons, Chichester, pp. 15-28. 

Kulovaara, M., Metsamuuronen, S., and Nystrom, M. (1999). Effects of aquatic humic substances on a hydrophobic ultrafiltration membrane. Chemosphere 38, 3485-3496. 

Burba, R, Aster, B.,Nifant eva,T.,Shkinev, V., and Spivakov, B. Y. (1998). Membrane filtration studies of aquatic humic substances and their metal species A concise overview. Part 1. Analytical fractionation by means of sequential-stage ultrafiltration. Talanta 45, 977-988. 

De Haan, H., Jones, R. I., and Salonen, K. (1987). Does ionic strength affect the configuration of aquatic humic substances, as indicated by gel filtration Freshwater Biol. 17, 453-459. 

Buddrus, J., Burba, P., Herzog, H., and Lambert, J. (1989). Quantitation of partial structures of aquatic humic substances by one-dimensional and two-dimensional solution 13C nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 61, 628-631. 

Hertkom, N., Claus, H., Schmitt-Kopplin, P. H., Perdue, E. M., and Filip, Z. (2002a). Utilization and transformation of aquatic humic substances by autochthonous microorganisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36,4334—4345. 

Kuckuk, R., Hill, W., Burba, P, and Davies, A. N. (1994). Pyrolysis-GC-FTIR for structural elucidation of aquatic humic substances. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 350, 528-532. 

Rodriguez-Zuniga, U. F., Milori, D. M. B. P., da Silva, W.T. L., Martin-Neto, L., Oliveira, L. C., and Rocha, J. C. (2008). Changes in optical properties caused by UV-irradiation of aquatic humic substances from the Amazon River basin Seasonal variability evaluation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(6), 1948-1953. 

Riise, G., and Salbu, B. (1986).The influence of aquatic humic substances on the octanol/water partition coeffficient of pesticides and trace elements at different pH values. In Humic Substances in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment, Grimvall, A., eds., Springer-Verlag, Linkoping, Sweden, pp. 357-365. 

Aster, B., Burba, E and Broekaert, J.A.C. (1996) Analytical fractionation of aquatic humic substances and their metal species by means of multistage ultrafiltration. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 354, 722-728. 

Burba, P., Shkinev, V and Spivakov, B.Ya. (1995) On-line fractionation and characterization of aquatic humic substances by means of sequential-stage ultrafiltration. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 351, 74-82. 

Lu, X.Q. and Johnson, W.D. (1997) The reaction of aquatic humic substances with cop-per(II) ions an ESR study of complexation. Sci. Total Environ., 203, 199-207. Lugtenberg, B. and van Alphen, L. (1983) Molecular architecture and functioning of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Til, 51-115. 

Saiz-Jimenez, C., Hermosin, B. and Ortega-Calvo, J.J. (1993) Pyrolysis/methylation a method for structural elucidation of the chemical nature of aquatic humic substances. Water Res., 27, 1693-1696. 

Christman, R.F., Norwood, D.L., Webb, M.R. and Robenrath, M.J. US National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia. Report No. PB8H61962 Chlorination of Aquatic Humic Substances (1981). 

De Laat J, Dore M, Mallevialle J. Effects of preozonation on the adsorbability and biodegradability of aquatic humic substances and on the performance of granular activated carbons filters. Water Res 1991 25 151-164. 

Beckett R, Bigelow JC, Jue Z, Giddings JC (1989) Analysis of humic substances using flow field-flow fractionation. In MacCarthy P, Suffet IH (eds) Influences of aquatic humic substances on fate and treatment of pollutants. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 65-80... 

Reuter, J. Inferred configurational changes of aquatic humic substances, p. 1140, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. 

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