Oesophagus

Enhanced TRPVl expression was demonstrated in IBD in man [17] and capsazepine was shown to attenuate disease severity in experimental colitis both in mice [145] and rats [146]. These findings confer a therapeutic potential for TRPVl antagonists in IBD and motility disorders [147, 148]. A related finding is the demonstration of increased TRPVl in the inflamed human oesophagus secondary to gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder [20]. 

M Marvola. Adherence of drug products to the oesophagus. Pharmacy Int 3 294-296, 1982. 

The digestive system of poultry is also basically a tube, beginning at the mouth and ending at the vent (Fig. 13.1). Food is taken in via the mouth and mixed with saliva to lubricate it. The bolus moves down the oesophagus by gravity and a wave-like contraction of the muscles (peristalsis). Then it enters the crop where it is stored if the stomach is full. A certain amount of softening and fermentation may occur here. The crop is situated just outside the entrance of the chest cavity (thoracic inlet) and is an expansion of the oesophagus. 

The current practice is to insert a miniaturised glass electrode mounted in a flexible catheter, in the stomach or oesophagus through the nostrils. This electrical system is, however, impractical, owing to the size and rigidity of... 

NOC) of foods in combustion gases, e.g. to induce cancer of oesophagus,... 

Hamster oesophagus, urinary bladder, (lung) Respiratory tract, lung,... 

Food is taken into the buccal cavity, where it is masticated by the teeth and mixed with saliva from three pairs of salivary glands. It moistens the food and dissolves some molecules enabling them to interact with the taste receptors on the tongue. Saliva contains Na% Cl and HCOs ions and a protein, mucin, which is a component of mucus that lubricates the chewed food on its way down the oesophagus. The pH of saliva is about 7.8, which neutralises acid formed by bacteria in the mouth this protects tooth enamel... 

Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus Alcohol Adequate intake of fruit,... 

Many sites of exposure to bile in the body are associated with the development of cancer, e.g. the oesophagus, gallbladder and bile duct, pancreas, small intestine and colon (reviewed in ref. 2). One explanation for increased cancer at these sites could be that bile acids stimulate carcinogenesis via DNA-damaging effects. This chapter provides an overview of research conducted in relation to establishing the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of bile acids. 

More recently, Guy et al. fed C57BL/6 mice a zinc-deficient diet containing deoxycholic acid for up to 152 days. Sixty-three per cent of mice on this diet developed oesophageal lesions that resembled the preneoplastic precursor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett s oesophagus. ... 

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