Octatomic molecules

A sample of hydrogen gas consists of these diatomic molecules (H2)—pairs of atoms that are chemically bound and behave as an independent unit—not separate H atoms. Other nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature are nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and the halogens [fluorine (F2), chlorine (CI2), bromine (Br2), and iodine (E)]. Phosphorus exists as tetratomic molecules (P4), and sulfur and selenium as octatomic molecules (Sg and Scg) (Figure 2.14). At room temperature, covalent substances may be gases, liquids, or solids. 

Elemental sulfur occurs as octatomic molecules, 85. What mass of fluorine gas is needed to react completely with 17.8 g of sulfur to form sulfur hexafluoride ... 

Molar mass (.At) of02 = 2x.AtofO=2x 16.00 g/mol = 32.00 g/mol The most common form of sulfur exists as octatomic molecules, Sg ... 

Example 6-8. The ordinary form of sulfur (orthorhombic sulfur, yellow crystals) contains octatomic molecules, . Discuss the structure of the Ss molecule. 

The molecular composition of sulfur vapor is a complex function of temperature and pressure. Vapor pressure measurements have been interpreted in terms of an equiHbtium between several molecular species (9,10). Mass spectrometric data for sulfur vapor indicate the presence of all possible molecules from S2 to Sg and negligible concentrations of and S q (H)- In general, octatomic sulfur is the predominant molecular constituent of sulfur vapor at low temperatures, but the equihbrium shifts toward smaller molecular species with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. 

Sulphur, however, dissolves in certain organic liquids, for example, hot glycerol or ethylene glycol, and in pyrosulphuric aeid, yielding clear blue solutions.5 Cryoscopic measurements with solutions in the latter solvent indicate that the sulphur molecules are diatomic, and it is to be assumed that this is also the case with the blue solutions in organic solvents. Thus, in such solutions the sulphur is more highly dispersed than in most organic solvents, in which the molecules are octatomic. 

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