Numerical Solutions of Nonlinear Gradient Elution

Band profiles obtained in gradient elution can be calculated using the same models of chromatography, implemented by the same computer programs as used under isocratic conditions. 

1 Experimental and Calculated Band Profiles under Nonlinear Conditions 

While analyses made in gradient elution often involve the use of small and dilute samples, the column is often overloaded in preparative gradient elution chromatography. This causes the adsorption isotherms to be nonlinear and competitive. Therefore, interference effects become important. Furthermore, the mass transfer resistances can be very significant, especially for macromolecules. Various dispersive effects, such as axial dispersion and the mass transfer resistances often coimter-balance the thermodynamic effects of adsorption and desorption 

Gradient Elution Chromatography under Nonlinear Conditions 

Later Antia and Horvath [39] discussed the numerical solution of overloaded linear gradient elution. They calculated numerical solutions of the mass balance equations for single components and binary mixtures. These authors assumed  

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