Stopping nuclear

The nomenclature of stopping cross-section comes from the unit of area in the numerator. 

3) we defined the stopping cross-section. The nuclear stopping cross-section for an ion of energy E is given by 

Equation (5.7) provides a means for ealenlating stopping eross-seetions based on the Thomas-Fermi atom with an aeonmey of -20%. The ranges of vahdity for values of OT are 

Equation (5.9) gives the ledneed energy in terms of the laboratory ion energy, E, where otf is the Thomas-Fermi screening radins. For the eondition m = 1/2 the combination of (5.3) and (5.7)-(5.9) gives 

MeV mg 1 cm 2. In addition to the energy-loss rate, it is also customaiy to speak of the stopping cross-section, S, which is defined as 

Lindhard et al. used a Thomas-Fermi potential and calculated the differential scattering cross section for multiple collisions as 

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An approximate measure of the projected range can be found using LSS theory (8) for ions in the energy range where nuclear stopping dominates... 

Heavy Particles Charge Exchange and Nuclear Stopping... 

Equation 9 is an extremely useful description for the differential cross section and has been used extensively in a variety of applications. With the use of Equation 9, the nuclear stopping power becomes ... 

To determine the amount of energy deposited in the surface region. In many instances this is approximated by a quantity proportional to the nuclear stopping power (see Equation 10). 

Fig. 21. Reduced nuclear stopping power, s (e), as a function of e, bottom scale and of E for Ar —Cu, top scale. Based on Thomas-Fermi potential (see Equation 5). (Based on data presented in ref )...

Collisions of the ions with the atoms, called nuclear energy loss or nuclear stopping. 

The most interesting feature of the work of Lindhard et al. is the possibility of expressing the electronic and the nuclear stopping power in terms of universal constants, a form independent of the mass and charge of the individual atoms. A universal energy e and a universal range p are defined, and the energy loss is expressed in terms... 

An approximate relation for the region of nuclear stopping is given by Lind-hard ... 

The nuclear stopping power per atom may be computed directly from the impact-parameter integration of the nuclear energy loss. 

Fig. 3. Scaled nuclear stopping power as a function of the projectile energy for protons (short-dashed and thick solid line), antiprotons (long-dashed and dash-dotted lines) and neutral hydrogen incident on hydrogen atoms. Thin solid line ZBL prediction [53] for neutral projectiles. For two of the curves (short-dashed and dashdotted) dynamic target polarization has been accounted for in the calculation.

Fig. 8. Stopping cross section for He+ projectiles colliding with atomic neon. Continuum line total stopping cross section long-dashed line nuclear stopping cross section short-dashed line electronic stopping cross section. The experimental data are [52] O, [53] [54]. Also for comparison we show the total calculated cross section for He + ions colliding with atomic neon (dotted line).

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