Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy pulsed gradient spin-echo

Stilbs, P. 1987. Fourier transform pulsed-gradient spin-echo studies of molecular diffusion. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 19(1), 1-45. 

As a qualitative means to investigate the ionic nature of acid-base systems, various techniques have been employed such as one- or two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [31], infrared (IR) spectroscopy [32], the Walden plot [33], the ratio of molar conductivities AjmpMNMR (determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and pulse-field-gradient spin-echo NMR, respectively) [34], Some of these will be discussed below. 

The different mobilities of monomers versus micelles can be used as a means to determine the value of CMC. The self-diffusion coefficients of the water and surfactant can be measured by pulsed-gradient spin Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance echo (FT-NMR) spectroscopy, following the NMR spectra (13). Hence, a plot of the diffusion coefficient D versus the surfactant concentration shows a change in slope corresponding to the CMC. 

---