Normalized refractive index difference

For comparison of different photochromic materials it is useful to define a normalized refractive index difference, n0, by... 

This peak occurs because the solvent composition used to dissolve the sample often differs somewhat from the mobile phase. When this sample solvent volume reaches the detector (at Vo), a refractive index difference upset of the baseline occurs. This Vo peak is very important because it allows us to normalize the separation parameters for variations in column lengths. It also gives us some assurance that the sample was actually loaded into the injector and onto the column. 

Ellipsometric measurements were carried out on LB films of [tetrakis-(3,3-dimethyl-l-butoxycarbonyl)] CuPc in the presence of dry air, toluene, and tetrachlo-roethene. The relative thickness, the normalized refractive index, and extinction coefficient at a fixed wavelength were changed, when these films are exposed to different concentrations of toluene and tetrachloroethene [46],... 

Another important fiber parameter is the refractive index difference between the core and cladding, i.e., - Wj. Generally it is represented in normalized fashion and is referred to... 

Retardation Techniques. Various optical systems have been used for this purpose. The most common is the polarized light microscope equipped with a compensator. Usually, the in-plane birefringence A/ii2 (the refractive index difference between principal axes lying in the plane normal to the axis of the microscope) is measured (Fig. 4). The monochromatic wave of light divides into two parts, polarized along the 1 and 2 principal directions which travel at different velocities ui and U2. ... 

Specular reflection of electromagnetic radiation at the (electrochemical) interface is generally described by Fresnel equations. Supposing the most simple case that both the electrolyte and electrode are transparent and differ only in their refractive indexes, nx and n2, the reflectivity for normal incidence of the radiation equals ... 

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