Norfloxacin antimicrobial agent

DeMarco, C.E., Cushing, L.A., Frempong-Manso, E., Seo, S.M., Jaravaza, T.A., and Kaatz, C.W. (2007) Efflux-related resistance to norfloxacin, dyes, and biocides in bloodstream isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51 (9), 3235-3239. 

E. Roseeuw, V. Coessens, A.-M. Balazuc, M. Lagranderie, P. Chavarot, A. Pessina, M.G. Neri, E. Schacht, G. Marchal, and D. Domurado, Synthesis, degradation, and antimicrobial properties of targeted macromolecular prodrugs of norfloxacin, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 47 (11), 3435-3441, 2003. 

The quinolone class of drugs were discovered in the 1960s when Lesher et al. isolated nalidixic acid as a by-product of chloroquine synthesis (2). More than a thousand quinolones and analogs have since been synthesized and evaluated in an attempt to reduce toxicity and increase antimicrobial potency. The attachment of a fluorine to C-6 and a piperazine or methylpiperazine to C-7 has led to more active agents such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and lomefloxacin (3). 

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