Nonuniform displacement fields

The electrostatic free energy includes the usual macroscopic free energy density ED (with the displacement field D = sqE + P) and also the interaction of the dipoles with the additional field Ep due to the nonuniform polarization [15] ... 

The molecular beam method employs deflection of molecular beams in a nonuniform electric field. The displacement of the beam is used to calculate the dipole moment. Typically, the accuracy of this method is relatively low [3,53,54]. 

Fully Nonlocal QC The nonlocal formulation of the QC method was developed for modeling inhomogeneous structural features. A first formulation was presented in the original QC studies this method was later expanded (see, e.g.. Ref. 89) and, finally, the fully nonlocal QC (FNL-QC) method was developed by Knap and Ortiz.The key point of the nonlocal formulation is that each atom within the representative crystallite is displaced according to the actual continuum displacement field at its position. Thus, the displacement field considered when computing the energy (or force) of a repatom can be nonuniform. In the original formulation, the repatoms are... 

Singer, B. Sh., and E. B. Fainberg, 1995, Generalization of the iterative dissipative method for modeling electromagnetic fields in nonuniform media with displacement currents Journal of Applied Geophysics, 34, 41-46. 

Field-flow fractionation (FFF) represents a family of versatile elution techniques suited for the separation and characterization of macromolecules and particles. Separation results from the combination of a nonuniform flow velocity profile of a carrier liquid and a nonuniform transverse concentration profile of an analyte caused by the action of a force field. The field, oriented perpendicularly to the direction of the flow, forms a specific concentration distribution of the analyte inside the channel. Because of the flow velocity profile, different analytes are displaced along the channel with different mean velocities, and, thus, their separation is achieved. 

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