Nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillation lead

Epstein AE, KayGN, Plumb VJetal(1998) Gross and microscopic pathological changes associated with nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator leads. Circulation 98(15) 1517-1524... 

Saad EB, Saliba WI, Schweikert RA et al (2003) Nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator lead extraction results and comparison with extraction of pacemaker leads. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26 1944-1950. 

Brooks R, Garan H, Torchiana, et al. Determinants of successful nonthoracotomy cardioverter-defibrillator implantation experience in 101 patients using two different lead systems. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 22 1835-1842. 

The personnel required for insertion of an ICD are very similar to those of the pacemaker implantation. The ICD manufacturer s representative, however, as stated, is controversial. He or she can be an important member of the implantation team and can prove invaluable for providing leads, defibrillators, and support equipment. The earlier ICD implantations that were limited to epicardial placement required a minimum of two trained physicians (an electrophysiologist and a cardiac surgeon). With the transition to the nonthoracotomy approach, a well-trained electrophysiologist working with an ICD manufacturer s representative is frequently all that is required. The ideal constitution of an ICD implantation team is listed in Table 4.1. Each member of the ICD implant team should be completely familiar with the unique requirements of an ICD implantation. This includes a protocol for patient rescue, should it be required. The circulating nurse is responsible for running... 

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