Nonresonant forced vibration technique

This test method employs nonresonant forced vibration techniques for determining the complex viscosity (see below) and viscoelastic characteristics of thermoplastic resins as a function of frequency, strain amplitude, temperature, and time. A wide range of frequencies can be used, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz. 

Dynamic techniques are used to determine storage and loss moduli, G and G respectively, and the loss tangent, tan 5. Some instmments are sensitive enough for the study of Hquids and can be used to measure the dynamic viscosity T 7 Measurements are made as a function of temperature, time, or frequency, and results can be used to determine transitions and chemical reactions as well as the properties noted above. Dynamic mechanical techniques for sohds can be grouped into three main areas free vibration, resonance-forced vibrations, and nonresonance-forced vibrations. Dynamic techniques have been described in detail (242,251,255,266,269—279). A number of instmments are Hsted in Table 8. Related ASTM standards are Hsted in Table 9. 

A comprehensive review of measurement techniques is presented by Capps (167), who also gives data for the complex Young s modulus for a range of polymers. This data includes the rubbery, transition, and glassy regions, and parameters for time-temperature superposition (eq. 45). The measiuement techniques fall broadly into three categories wave propagation methods, resonance methods, and forced-vibration nonresonance methods. The resonance and forced-vibration... 

Forced-Vibration Nonresonance Methods, in the forced, nonresonant method (183,188) sensors are used to measure the drive force and resulting displacement at one end of the sample. The complex modulus (shear or Young s) is determined from the amplitude ratio and relative phase of the force to the displacement. There are similarities between the resonance and nonresonance techniques. The complex modulus is measured over a limited frequency range at a number of fixed temperatures, and the time-temperature superposition principle is used... 

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