Nonrapid eye movement sleep

Kapas, L. Krueger, J. M. (1996). Nitric oxide donors SIN-1 and SNAP promote nonrapid-eye-movement sleep in rats. Brain Res. Bull. 41, 293-8. 

Ferri R, Zucconi M, MareUi S, Plazzi G, Schenck CH, Ferini-Strambi L. Effects of long-term use of clonazepam on nonrapid eye movement sleep patterns in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med May 2013 14(5) 399-406. 

Humans exposed to cedrol fumes showed significant decreases in heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Tests indicted that cedrol inhalation also caused a reduction in sympathetic and an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity, results supporting the alleged relaxant effect of cedar oU. In addition, a decrease in nonrapid eye movement sleep latency was found in humans exposed to cedar essence. ... 

Until the 1930s sleep was believed to be a simple, passive process. Studies with the electroencephalogram (EEG) first characterized sleep as existing in separate and distinct time patterns. Periodic appearances of rapid eye movements (REM) were subsequently identified during sleep. These appeared to coincide with dreaming. Sleep is now viewed as an active and complex process occurring in stages and cycles. Briefly, there are two kinds of sleep. One is an orthodox sleep, which is a nonrapid eye movement state (NREM). The other is a paradoxical sleep that does involve REM, and is sometimes called active or fast sleep. 

Nonrapid Eye Movement (Non-REM) Sleep Sleep in which no rapid eye movement occurs it is divided into three stages, Nl, N2, N3. 

Psychological Effects of long-term (2.75 1.62 years) use of clonazepam 0.5-1 mg on nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep patterns in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder were evaluated in 46 participants [8 ]. The patients had the following diagnoses 15 with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD), 13 with narcolepsy/RBD and 18 normal controls. The study found that clonazepam modifies some aspects of NREM sleep in iRBD patients witii a decrease in its instability. The authors concluded that a complex modification of sleep chin atonia exists in iRBD patients, which also involves NREM sleep. The result of this study should be interpreted with caution, as the design of the study was not clear, some participants were recruited retrospectively, and the sample size was small. 

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