Nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics

Lavenda B H 1985 Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics (New York Wley) oh 3... 

Lavenda B FI 1985 Nonequilibrium. Statistical Thermodynamics (New York Wiley)... 

B. H. Lavenda, Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, Wiley, Chichester, 1985. 

M. Le Bellac, R Mortessagne, and G. Batrouni. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics. Gambridge, England Cambridge University Press, 2004. 

D. N. Zubarev, Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1974. 

Statistical substantiation of MEIS. MEIS relations with equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics and physical kinetics. 

The thermodynamic approach considers micropores as elements of the structure of the system possessing excess (free) energy, hence, micropore formation processes are described in general terms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, if no kinetic limitations appear. The applicability of the thermodynamic approach to description of micropore formation is very large, because this one is, in most cases, the result of fast chemical reactions and related heat/mass transfer processes. The thermodynamic description does not contradict to the fractal one because of reasons which are analyzed below in Sec. II. C but the nonequilibrium thermodynamic models are, in most cases, more strict and complete than the fractal ones, and the application of the fractal approach furnishes no additional information. If no polymerization takes place (that is right for most of processes of preparation of active carbons at high temperatures by pyrolysis or oxidation of primary organic materials), traditional methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics (especially nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics) are applicable. 

Nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics is comprised of different methods allowing the solution of nonequilibrium problems, like the Liouville equation (which is used mostly for gases) and some approaches employing ensembles. However, the complexity of systems with random fluxes causes serious difficulties when methods of nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics are applied. 

E. Treatment of Experimental Data, Based on the Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics Approach... 

We note that such problem does not appear in the nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamic approach (Sec. Ill), according to which micropores are considered together with their solid environment (micropore walls). Therefore, unlike the case of pyrolytic carbons, micropores in polymeric materials cannot be described in their own energy terms (chemical potential, etc.). 

The further development of the concept of microporous material formation should be based on the combination of fractal, nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics and polymer science methods. 

The nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamic approach in the description of microporous materials prepared by pyrolysis of organic materials (active carbons) comprises two principal methods these for systems with regular and random fluxes. These methods comprise steady-state and nonsteady-state models which can be formulated for homo- and heterogeneous systems. 

The relation between chemical reaction rate theories and some recent advances in the field of nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics. 

Zubarev, D. N. (1971). Neravnovesnaya Statisticheskaya Termodinamika [Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics]. Nauka, Moscow. 

Bellac, M. Le, Mortessagne, R, and Batrouni, G. 2004. Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

Baig, C. and Mavrantzas, V.G. (2009) Multiscale simulation of polymer melt viscoelasticity guided from nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics atomistic nonequilibrium molecular dynamics coupled with Monte Carlo in an expanded statistical ensemble. Phys. Rev. B, 79, 144302. 

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