Non-linguistic content

Consider for a moment numbers and mathematics. Without getting to far into the debate about what numbers and mathematics actually are, it is worth discussing a few basic points about these areas. Firstly, in most primitive cultures, there is only a very limited number system present in ihe language one might find a word for one, two and three, then a word for a few and a word for lots. 

More sophisticated number communication systems (as opposed to numbers themselves) are a cultural invention, such that in Western society, we think of numbers quite differently, and have developed a complex system for talking and describing them. Most scientifically and mathematically minded people believe that numbers and mathematics exist beyond our experience and that advancing mathematics is a process of discovery rather than invention. In other words, if we met an alien civilisation, we would find that they had calculus too, and it would work in exactly Ihe same way as ours. What is a cultural invention is our system of niunerical and mathematical notation. This is to some extent arbitrary while we can all easily imderstand the mathematics of classical Greece, this is usually only after their notational systems have been translated into Ihe modem system Pythagoras certainly never wrote + = z. Today, we have a single commonly 

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Non-logic-based matching applies techniques such as graph matching, data mining, linguistics, or content-based information retrieval to exploit semantics that are either commonly shared (in XML namespaces) or implicit in patterns or relative frequencies of terms in service descriptions ... 

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