Nodularia spumigena cyanobacteria

Suikkanen, S., Pistarol, G. O., and Graneh, E. (2004). AUelopathic effects of the Baltic cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena, Aphanizomenon Jlos-aquae and Anabaena lemmermannii on algal monocultures. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol 308, 85-101. 

Summer Bloom The buoyant surface blooms of diazotrophic cyanobacteria (Nodularia spumigena. Aphanizomenon sp., Anabaena spp.) are the most impressive bloom phenomena in the Baltic Proper. Nodularia blooms are also of socioeconomic interest because they are potentially toxic (Wasmund, 2002). As diazotrophic cyanobacteria are not... 

Cyanobacteria known to produce hepatotoxins include species of Microcystis (32-36), Anabaena (37-40), Nostoc (41,42), Oscillatoria (43,44) and the brackish water Nodularia spumigena (45,46). These cyanobacteria produce a wide range of toxins including neurotoxic alkaloids, lipopolysaccharides, phenolic compounds and most importantly, the cyclic hepatotoxic peptides microcystins and nodularins. Since both microcystins and nodularins were recently discovered even in shellfish (47) and tropical fish species (48), and a nodularin variant was isolated in Papua New Guinea also from the tropical marine sponge Theonella swinhoei (49), marine prokaryotes are apparently producing identical toxins as the cyanobacteria. However, since this nodularin variant was isolated from a marine sponge it may well be produced by a microbial symbiont. 

Cyanobacteria - Nodularia Nodularins - hepatotoxins, inhibit spumigena protein phosphatases 1 and 2A... 

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