Nociception, definition

In regional anesthesia (spinal anesthesia) with a local anesthetic (p. 204), nociception is eliminated, while consciousness is preserved. This procedure, therefore, does not fall under the definition of general anesthesia... 

Chemical repellents produce their effect in one of two ways (Rogers, 1974). Primary chemical repellents are congenitally avoided because of their unpleasant sensory attributes. While primary chemical repellents may be malodorous or unpalatable, most such repellents are nociceptive stimuli causing irritation and pain. Primary repellents are often mimics of pain-promoting neurochemicals, hence the basis for their congenital avoidance (Clark 1998). Secondary repellents are agents that cause illness or pain and, when paired with ancillary sensory stimuli, promote learned avoidance of treated substrates (Garcia et al., 1966). The distinction between the two types of repellents is that animals do not need to learn about primary repellents because their aversive properties are intrinsic. By definition, primary repellents can become secondary repellents, but not vice versa. 

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