Nitrosamines formation from primary amines

Nitrosamine formation is also possible from primary amines ... 

In classical organic chemistry, nltrosamlnes were considered only as the reaction products of secondary amines with an acidified solution of a nitrite salt or ester. Today, it is recognized that nitrosamines can be produced from primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and nltrosamides from secondary amides. Douglass et al. (34) have published a good review of nitrosamine formation. For the purposes of this presentation, it will suffice to say that amine and amide precursors for nitrosation reactions to form N-nitroso compounds are indeed ubiquitous in our food supply, environment, and par-... 

Emissions of nitrosamines (specifically, iV-nitrosamines) arouse particular concern owing to associated cancer risks." All secondary amines are potential precursors to N-nitrosamines and it will be apparent from considerations of the reactions both prior to cure and accompanying cure (e.g. eqns (24), (27)) that amines may be commonly encountered in vulcanized mixes and the vapours from them. Some of the amines already encountered in emissions from rubber are listed in Table 8. It should be made clear from the outset that not all the amines listed are secondary, and that primary amines are not direct precursors to AT-nitrosamines. Considerable attention has been focused on iV-nitrosamine formation within the rubber industry, and various monitoring exercises have detected such nitrosamines in both vapours and solvent extracts.In one study airborne concentrations in excess of 1 mg/m were found for dimethylnitrosamine (A/ -nitrosodimethylamine), and as high as 4-6mg/m for N-nitrosomorpholine." However, the amine is only one-half of the equation and effort has also been directed to establishing the identity... 

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