Nitrogen volcanic

Acid rain is actually a catchall phrase for any kind of acidic precipitation, including snow, sleet, mist, and fog. Acid rain begins when water comes into contact with sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. These oxides can come from natural sources such as volcanic emissions or decaying plants. But there are man-made sources as well, such as power plant and automobile emissions. In the United States, two-thirds of all the sulfur dioxide and one-fourth of the nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere are produced by coal-burning power plants. 

Sakai H, Casadevall TJ, Moore JG (1982) Chemistry and isotope ratios of sulfur in basalts and volcanic gases at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46 729-738 Sakai H, DesMarais DJ, Ueda A, Moore JG (1984) Concentrations and isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floor basalts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48 2433-2441 Sano Y, Marty B (1995) Origin of carbon in fumaroUc gas from island arcs. Chem Geol 119 265-274... 

Xu Z. and Zhang Y. (2002) Quench rates in water, air and liquid nitrogen, and inference of temperature in volcanic eruption columns. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 200, 315-330. 

The atmosphere of modern Earth is thought to be very different from that of early Earth. Scientists conjecture that Earth s first atmosphere consisted of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide, with trace amounts of ammonia and methane. The gases in the atmosphere are thought to have been released from the interior of the planet by volcanic eruptions. At this early... 

Solid CH4 on Triton and Terrestrial Methane Hydrate. - 5.4.1 Radicals in Solid CH4 and on Triton. Methane (CH4) and nitrogen are gaseous molecules on Earth but are frozen and solids under the lowest temperature of 37K at Triton, a satellite of Neptune. Craters of solidified CH4 and N2 and black smoke consisting of gaseous N2 and solid CH4 were discovered by the Voyager II a few km above the ground volcanic eruptions in 1989. 

About 4500 million years ago the Earth was formed. Over a period of time, the Earth cooled to become a molten mass upon which a thin crust formed. Volcanic activity through the crust pushed out huge quantities of gases, such as ammonia, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and a small amount of sulfur dioxide, which formed an atmosphere around the Earth (Figure 11.3). 

Allard, P. (1992) The origin of hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and rare gases in volcanic exhalations Evidence from isotope geochemistry. In Forecasting Volcanic Events. H. Tazieff J. C. Sabroux, Eds., pp. 337-86. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Meanwhile, gases originally trapped below the surface were released into the atmosphere through volcanic eruptions and other crust openings. The atmosphere began to fill with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. Oceans developed as water vapor condensed and fell as rain in ceaseless storms. Large amounts of carbon dioxide were... 

Volcanic eruptions are natural sources of sulfur oxides, and lightings are natural sources of nitrogen oxides and ozone, while combustion processes are the main anthropogenic sources of these two pollutants. 

Matson, P. A., P. M. Vitousek, J. J. Ewel, M. J. Mazzarino, and G. P. Robertson. 1987. "Nitrogen transformations foilowing tropical forest feeling and burning on a volcanic soil." Ecology 68 491-502. 

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