Oxygen—nitrogen bonds elemental halogens

The fingerprint region (1500-500 cm 1), where all single bonds between carbon and elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and halogens absorb... 

T n organizing the symposium upon v/hich this book is based, we brought together a diverse group of scientists whose common bond was an interest in radiochemistry, primarily with short-lived nuclides of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogen elements. 

Organic compounds Substances whose molecules contain one or more carbon atoms covalently bonded with another element (including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur). 

Carbon atoms readily form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and with atoms of other nonmetals, especially hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens. Carbon atoms form these bonds by sharing pairs of electrons with atoms of other elements. When two atoms share two electrons, the bond is called a single bond (symbolized in a structural formula by a single dash - ). When four electrons are shared, the bond is called a double bond (symbolized by a double dash = ). When six electrons are shared, the bond is called a triple bond (symbolized by a triple dash <=> ). A carbon atom will... 

Under terrestrial conditions most elements rarely exist as isolated atoms. The atoms of most known elements are chemically bonded to other atoms. For example, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and the halogens are diatomic molecules. Yellow sulfur and white phosphorus exist as molecules whose formulas are S, and P4, respectively. The molecules of diamond or graphite (both forms of carbon) and of red phosphorus consist of many millions of atoms. Metallic elements, too, such as copper and potassium, are composed of bonded atoms, generally in a crystalline form. 

Functional groups can contain many elements, but the most common are oxygen and nitrogen. Sulfur and the halogens are less commonly encountered. Some functional groups are part of the molecular backbone. These include the multiple bonds between backbone carbon atoms of compounds such as ethene (ethylene), ethyne (acetylene), and benzene. 

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