Nitrogen nuclear transformation

Determine the particle emitted and write the balanced nuclear equation for each of the following nuclear transformations (a) carbon-14 to nitrogen-14 (b) neon-19 to fluorine-19 (c) gold-188 to platinum-188 (d) uranium-229 to thorium-225. 

Both of the nuclear reactions cited previously were brought about by using alpha particles as bullets to bombard the nuclei of nitrogen and boron atoms. This raises the question as to whether other minute projectiles, such as neutrons or protons, might not also be used to induce nuclear transformations. These and other particles have indeed been used in this manner. The nuclei of deuterium atoms are known as deuterons (usually represented by d), and these too have been used extensively. Nuclear reactions have also been brought about by the use of gamma rays. 

The experiment of initiating nuclear transformation artificially was first carried out by Rutherford in 1919. It was shown that when a particle emitted from Po was absorbed on striking a nitrogen atom, oxygen and proton were produced by the following reaction ... 

These derivatives are soluble in an acetone/water mixture with their p i values similar to that of PIDAA. The phenylene analogs are similar to EDTA except that the two nitrogens are bridged by aromatic rings. These derivatives are soluble in acetone/water. They were characterized by measuring their H- and C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FTTR) spectra. All the PIDAA derivatives showed a peak near 53 ppm for the methylene carbons in carbon NMR spectra. The methylene carbon resonance appears around 44 ppm in the NPG derivative. Thus offers an easier way to characterize these materials. The FTNMR data are listed in Table 1 below. 

TRANSMUTATION. The natural or artificial transformation of atoms of one element into atoms of a different element as the result of a nuclear reaction. The reaction may be one in which two nuclei interact, as in the formation of oxygen from nitrogen and helium nuclei (/3-particles), or one in which a nucleus reacts widi an elementary particle such as a neutron or proton. Thus, a sodium atom and a proton form a magnesium atom. Radioactive decay, e.g., of uranium, can be regarded as a type of transmutation. The first transmutation was performed bv the English physicist Rutherford in 1919. 

Determine the particle emitted and write the balanced nuclear equation for the following transformations (a) carbon-14 to nitrogen-14 ... 

Oxidation of alkylbenzene by Co(OAc)3 mainly occurs at the side-chain benzylic positions, without formation of nuclear adducts. In nitrogen, benzylic acetates predominate, whereas aromatic acids are favored when oxygen is present.512 Thus toluene is transformed into benzyl acetate and benzaldehyde by Co(OAc)3 in AcOH under anerobic conditions.553 When this reaction is... 

Note that in equation (10), as in the other nuclear equations listed, atomic numbers and mass numbers are both conserved. This reaction was the first artificial transmutation, carried out (as contrasted to spontaneous transmutations or natural radioactivity in which one nucleus is transformed to another, irrespective of the influence of man). The a particle in equation (10) is the projectile and the nitrogen nucleus the target. 

Mesoporous alumina samples have been synthesized using poly(ethylene oxide)-based nonionic surfactants. The effect that the addition of n-alkylamines to the synthesis gel has on the texture and thermal stability of mesoporous aluminas is studied. Textural and structural characterization using nitrogen adsorption, powder X-ray diffraction, a1 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as catalytic n-hexane hydroisomerization tests are performed. 

Low-temperature irradiation devices are used with increasing frequency, especially to study radiation-induced defects in solids. A liquid-nitrogen irradiation device, which has operated for over 15,000 hours, has been described previously P]. However, certain defects anneal out or are transformed well below 77 °K and their study requires irradiation at lower temperatures. Two liquid-helium [ " ] and one liquid-hydrogen [ ] reactor irradiation devices have been reported in the literature. This paper describes an irradiation device at the temperature of boiling neon, which was installed in the Melusine swimming-pool reactor of the Nuclear Research Center of Grenoble. 

Write balanced nuclear equations for the following transformations (a) bismuth-213 undeigoes alpha decay (b) nitrogen-13 undergoes electron capture (c) technicium-98 undeigoes electron capture (d) gold-188 decays by positron emission. 

Nonselective herbicides Herbicides that kill all plant life Nuclear reaction A process in which an isotope of one element is transformed into an isotope of another element Nucleic acids Biomolecules that control heredity (DNA, RNA) polymers of nucleotides that contain deoxyribose or ribose, nitrogen bases, and phosphate groups Nucleons Protons and neutrons... 

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