Nitro-aromatic compounds emphasis

In what follows, no explicit attention is given to the specific type of assays or tester strains used to determine the mutagenic activity in nitro-aromatic compounds. This particular choice is made consciously, as the emphasis of this work is on the structural and electronic factors that modulate the mutagenic activity of the nitro-aromatic compounds in general. The interested readers are recommended to refer to the original works for more detailed discussions. 

Catalytic carbonylation of nitro compounds, with particular emphasis on nitro-aromatic compounds, has been extensively studied, with the main focus being on the production of isocyanates that have achieved great commercial importance in the preparation of important industrial targets including ureas [768],... 

This review covers the personal view of the authors deduced from the literature starting in the middle of the Nineties with special emphasis on the very last years former examples of structure-sensitive reactions up to this date comprise, for example, the Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of butyne, butadiene, isoprene [11], aromatic nitro compounds [12], and of acetylene to ethylene [13], In contrast, benzene hydrogenation over Pt catalysts is considered to be structure insensitive [14] the same holds true for acetonitrile hydrogenation over Fe/MgO [15], CO hydrogenation over Pd [16], and benzene hydrogenation over Ni [17]. For earlier reviews on this field we refer to Coq [18], Che and Bennett [9], Bond [7], as well as Ponec and Bond [20]. 

The most studied kinds of explosives are nitroaromatic explosives and their metabolites. Therefore, the emphasis of this review is on properties of nitroaromatic explosives, rather than propellants, pyrotechnics, or munitions, and their interactions with soils. Nitroaromatic explosives are toxic, and their environmental transformation products, including arylamines, arylhydroxyl-amines, and condensed products such azoxy- and azo-compounds, are equally or more toxic than the parent nitroaromatic [3]. Aromatic amines and hydroxylamines are implicated as carcinogenic intermediates as a result of nitrenium ions formed by enzymatic oxidation [4], Aromatic nitro compounds... 

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