Nitramines, hazard

CHAPTER 7 THE PREPARATION OF CYCLIC NITRAMINES Hazards Use great care when handling 99% nitric acid produces poisonous reddish-brown fumes of nitrogen oxides use maximum ventilation. Wear gloves when handling acetic anhydride, and glacial acetic acid both of which can produce skin irritation. Do not allow the reaction mixture temperature to rise above 50 Celsius. 

The energetic nitramines, RDX and HMX, provide excellent impulse and nonsmoky exhaust, but their use gives propellants that may detonate when subjected to shock or impact. The possibility of unwanted violent burning or detonation of propellants during transport or storage has resulted in recent emphasis on the development of insensitive (reduced hazard) rocket propellants for tactical applications. Special attention are required in using these energetic materials.47... 

Army. 1988. Improved RP-HPLC method for determining nitroaromatics and nitramines in water. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency. Document no. AD A203306. 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES stable under normal temperatures and pressures stable at room temperature in neutral and alkaline solution in the dark for more than fourteen days slightly less stability in acidic solutions sensitive to ultraviolet light photochemically reactive hazardous polymerization has not been reported may be oxidized to nitramine or reduced to the hydrazine or amine has shown resistance to hydrolysis FP (61 C, 14l.8°F) LFL/UFL (unknown) AT (unknown). 

TSP-LC-MS in the negative mode was used to identify and quantify the explosives TNT, RDX and hexyl, as weU as their degradation products and other pollutants, in groundwater samples of an ammunition hazardous waste site after SPE applying LiChrolut EN. 31 compounds could be identified, such as nitramines and their by-products, TNT and partially nitrated toluenes, 1,3,5-ttinitrobenzene and partially nitrated benzenes, aminonitrotoluenes, nitroanilines, hexyl and nitro-phenols [205]. 

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