Nickel coupling reaction parameters

The reactions depicted in equation (IV) were studied in detail. The first reaction, i.e. the condensation of p-chlorophenol (16) with 4,4-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (14) is a classical nucleophilic aromatic substitution it proceeds smoothly in polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMAC) and yields the dichloro intermediate (17) in quantitative yield. A detailed study was necessary, however, to determine the critical parameters which control the formation of high polymer via the second reaction i.e. via the nickel coupling of (17) to (8). 

The complex formed by the reaction of perfluorobut-2-yne with Pd(acac)2 has been identified crystallographically as [286], (157) confirming the cis disposition of the CF3 groups deduced from the coupling. Parameters for the perfluorobutyne-nickel and -platinum complexes [287] (158, 159) and [288], (144) and for the metal-lacyclopentadiene complex [289] (132) are given with the structures. 

This handbook highlights the limitations of iron, nickel, zinc and their alloys in various water grades and provides vital information on corrosion protection measures. The chapters are arranged by the media leading to individual corrosion reactions, and a vast number of alloys are presented in terms of their behaviour in these media. The key information consists of quantitative data on corrosion rates coupled with commentaries on the background and mechanisms of corrosion behind these data, together with the dependencies on secondary parameters, such as flow-rate, pH, temperature, etc. Where necessary this information is complemented by more detailed annotations and by an immense number of references Usted at the end of each chapter. 

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