Nicandra physalodes

Calystegine Bi-3-O-P-D-glucopyranoside Nicandra physalodes (Solanaceae) fruits ... 

The withanolide having unique structural feature, aromatic ring D, example is nicandrenone (8), only reported from Nicandra physalodes [19, 20]. 

A/orhygrine 4 Hyoscyamus spp. [Hyoscyameae clade] Nicandra physalodes [Nicandreae clade]... 

Quantitative information concerning simple pyrrolidine alkaloids is rather rare. The roots of Nicandra physalodes contained 0.1% hygrine whereas five Physalis spp. contained considerably less (Romeike 1965a,b). The content of the epigeal parts of N. physalodes was even extremely low. Surprisingly, cuscohygrine turned out to be the main alkaloid of Datura discolor roots with a concentration of 0.06% which amounts to 20% of the total alkaloid content (0.31%). This is in contrast with other Datura spp. where tropanes (hyoscyamine/scopolamine) represent the principal alkaloids (Evans and Somanabandhu 1974a). 

Griffiths RC, Watson AA, Kizu H, Asano N, Sharp HJ, Jones MG, Wormald MR, Fleet GWJ, Nash RJ (1996) The isolation from Nicandra physalodes and identification of the 3-0-6-D-glucopyranoside of la,2fi,3a,6a-tetrahydroxy-nor-tropane (calystegine Bj). Tetrahedron Lett 37 3207-3208... 

Parr AJ (1992) Alternative metabolic fates of hygtine in transformed root cultures of Nicandra physalodes. Plant CeU Rep 11 270-273... 

Reports with negative results are rather rare though not without interest. One of these rare examples should be added No glycoalkaloids could be detected in Lycium ruthenium, Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Physalis alkekengi L and P. peruviana L. (Tukalo 1964). 

Co-occurrence of lactol-type withasteroids and steroidal alkaloids/glycoalkaloids has been demonstrated in two Solamm spp. S. ciliatum, S. sisymbrifolium). However, there is no report on co-occurrence of these alkaloids and withanolides. In a few taxa even withanolides co-occur surprisingly with different types of tropane alkaloids, i.e., hyoscyamine-type tropanes fowDatura spp., Hyoscyamus niger) or non-hyoscyamine-type tropanes and related alkaloids Nicandra physalodes, Physalis alkekengi, P. peruviana, Withania somnifera) for details see Tables 3.1 and 3.8. 

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