Neurohumoral Transmission

Autonomic nerves are formed by two neurons which communicate the efferent signals by neurohumoral transmission in ganglia. The two parts of 

It is a main anatomical characteristic of this part of the nervous system that the ganglia are situated in the periphery, that is outside the cerebrospinal axis. This forms one of the major differences to the somatic nerves which innervate exclusively skeletal muscles and do not have ganglia outside the central nervous system. 

Beside the efferent innervation by the autonomic nervous system there are peripheral afferent sensory fibers which form the autonomic refiex arcs. They play a major role in the transmission of visceral sensations and are responsible for visceral refiexes, for example in the autonomic regulation of the blood pressure. 

Drug Benefits and Risks International Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology, revised 2nd edition 

Edited by CJ. van Boxtel, B. Santoso and I.R. Edwards. lOS Press and Uppsala Monitoring Centre, 2008. 2008 The authors. All rights reserved. 

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Hoffman, B. B. and Taylor, P. Neurohumoral transmission the autonomic and somatic motor nervous systems. In J. G. Hardman and L. E. Limbird (eds.), Goodman Gilman s Pharmacological Basics of Therapeutics, 10th edn. New York Macmillan, pp. 115-154, 2001. 

Sofia RD, Knobloch LC. Influence of acute pretreatment with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the LD50 of various substances that alter neurohumoral transmission. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.,... 

Which one of the following sites is characterized by adrenergic neurohumoral transmission ... 

The term neurohumoral means nerve-blood. The only site in the ANS where neurohumoral transmission occurs is the adrenal medulla, where sympathetic nerve activity elicits the release of catecholamines into the blood. 

Introduction - Although 46 years have elapsed since the relatively simple experiments of Otto Loewi demonstrated neurohumoral transmission at autonomic junctions, it is only during the past 10 years that this theory of neurotransmission has become almost universally accepted. Indeed, more evidence favoring the extension of this theory to nerve-nerve junctions (synapses) in the central nervous system (CNS) has been presented in the past 7 years than in the entire preceding quarter-century. Briefly stated, the theory of neurohumoral transmission holds that nerves produce their physiologic effects by releasing chemical substances which act on the cell that the nerve endings innervate, rather than by the continuous flow of bio-electric currents. ... 

Neurohumoral transmitters are chemicals that facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses across nerve synapses and neuroeffector junctions. Acetylcholine is a neurohumoral transmitter that is present in the peripheral autonomic nervous system, in the somatic motor nervous system, and in some portions of the central nervous system. 

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